Mora Bassa Watermill of Vigevano

An ancient watermill, the history of which intersects with the most important noble families from Lombardia, but also with the art and the affairs of Leonardo da Vinci.

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Gian Galeazzo Sforza, duke of Milan, decreed with a document dating November 14th, 1481, that his uncle Ludovico Maria could extract water from the Sesia river and to use it on the properties of the Sforzesca of Vigevano.
The irrigation ditch, nicknamed Roggia Mora by Ludovico the Moor, was engineered by Giuliano Guascone and it was completed between 1487 - 1488 through the expansion of preexisting canals and irrigation ditches. It extends for about 60 km from Prato Sesia to Vigevano and to the Sforzesca, where it separates into a series of smaller canals.
Ever since its establishment, the water flowing through the irrigation ditch would put into action numerous watermills along its course, although most of them are nowadays abandoned. 

The Mora Bassa Mill is situated near a hydraulic jump created specifically along the irrigation ditch: before reaching the wheels, the water encounters three locks (still working), manually operated and necessary to regulate the flow of the water. The lock closest to the body of the Mill leads the water into the “shower”, an inclined masonry structure which further reduces the section of the ditch, giving the water the necessary speed to move the hydraulic wheels.
The construction date of this ancient structure can be traced back to 1488, contemporary to the creation of the Roggia Mora: in fact, on January 16th, 1496 when Ludovico the Moor entrusted the administration of his mills along the Roggia to Guglielmo da Camino, this Mill was counted among the existing assets.
The Mora Bassa Mill is part of the possessions of Ludovico the Moor’s Sforzesca and it follows its destiny. In 1494 the More offers the entire property as a gift to his wife Beatrice d’Este and in 1497, after her death, he gives the Sforzesca and its land holdings (including the Mill) to the Dominican friars of Santa Maria delle Grazie, who preserve the property until the abolition of the order in 1798 by order of Napoleon. 

In 1803 the marquis Saporiti bought the Sforzesca and its properties and the complex remained with the family until 1988, when they gave up their part of the Roggia Mora and its relative Watermills to the Associazione di Irrigazione Est Sesia, the current owner. 
A plan dating back to the mid XVIII century shows the original layout of the mill. The distribution of the mechanisms on the ground floor indicates the presence of two millstones meant for cereals and of a rice husker composed of six pistons, situated perpendicularly to the ditch.
On the upper floor there are the rooms of the miller and the hayloft.

This complex, which stood in the middle of the fields, was perhaps more than a simple mill, as evidenced by the gorgeous corner fireplace on the upper floor. According to legend, here Ludovico the Moor secretly met his lover, Cecilia Gallerani, the famous "Lady with an Ermine" depicted by Leonardo Da Vinci.
This place, so rich in history, hosts the Permanent Exhibition of Leonardo da Vinci’s Machines, managed by the cultural association La Città Ideale, where working machines based on Leonardo’s codes are shown. The itinerary follows the great genius’ different research topics: hydraulic machines, war machines, mechanisms attempting to measure time and flying machines.

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Villanova castle - Cassolnovo
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The castle located in the hamlet of Villanova, dating back to the 14th century, was the country residence of the Sforza dukes, who experimented there for the first time with the cultivation of rice in Lomellina.